A FEW WORDS ON VENICE ...
It includes the historic city, the islands of the lagoon, the city of Mestre and the oil port of Marghera on the mainland.
Venice has 6 districts (Cannaregio, San Marco, Castello, Santa Croce, San Polo and Dorsoduro). It is formed by a set of blocks, connected by bridges 400. Only 3 of the Grand Canal, to go from one bank to another. A fourth bridge, glass and metal, built by a Spanish architect, was opened in August 2004, 150 canals, 120 churches.
Historic Venice is connected to the mainland in Mestre, on the Italian mainland, since the arrival of the railway in 1846, by a long breakwater 3km 600, called "Freedom Bridge". She joined the city of Mestre on the mainland. Previously, travelers arriving by boat from Mestre or the Adriatic Sea. They arrive by car since 1932 by the road built on the "Freedom Bridge".
VENICE SEEMS TO FLOAT ON WATER:
Thousands of trees (oaks and chestnut fossilize well in water) from forests of the Dolomites trunks, dug into the islands to strengthen them. We built over, first in wood, then brick, stone and marble, to the Renaissance. The white stone has Istria, a Venetian counter located beyond the city of Trieste. The buildings have 3 floors to comply with building regulations on stilts (except in the Ghetto, Cannaregio area).
A LITTLE HISTORY:
The land has been inhabited since the passage of the Romans.
At the time of the barbarian invasions, the inhabitants of the land took refuge on the islands of the lagoon in the sand and mud and build huts.
The island of Torcello becomes crowded begins to decline around AD 500 to benefit the Rialto area that will become the area of trade.
The city is a Byzantine Duchy independent recognized by the West, the gateway to the East.
L The doge was elected in 697.
In 828, sailors fly to Alexandria the remains of St Marc and relate to Venice. A chapel was built on the Piazza San Marco. Later, it will be transformed into Byzantine Basilica, on the model of the church des12 Apostles in Constantinople. She became a cathedral in 1807 after the passage of Napoleon. Until then, St. Peter's Cathedral in Venice (Castello district).
Patriarchy installed on the continent (Grado) wants to impose its power over the city. Venice denies it and refuses (separation of church and state).
In the 11th century began the rise of Venice.
The arsenal is created in 1104: it covers a large part of the Castello district. 3,000 workers will build all kinds of boats and galleys. The assembly of such a vessel is possible in a day. The galleys sail the Mediterranean for trade and conquest of land. Marco Polo go to China and even return from a trip to Venice for a period of 25 years.
In addition to trade (spices, silks, beads, cotton, sugar, perfumes, precious stones) since the Middle Ages, Venice is further enriched by carrying the cross to Jerusalem. From 1099, the Venetian interested in commercial implications of the Crusades. At the 4th Crusade in the 13th century, the patricians and the Doge Dandolo himself (94 years), the leading French crusaders. They can not raise the money requested by the Doge and will serve as his army. The Doge Dandolo, during a previous expedition, had a burned by the Turks |il. He is almost blind. It distracts expedition to Constantinople he wants to take over and plunder. Reach Jerusalem became the second ground! He will not return to Venice and was buried in Constantinople. The crusade stopped in Turkey. Four famous horses, the chariot gilt bronze adorned the Hippodrome of Constantinople, was stolen and brought to Venice to decorate the facade of the Basilica San Marco. Napoleon will fly during its passage in 1797, but it will be returned to Venice. It is evident today in its original location, in the center of the balcony. False fourth crusade also bring a 10th century Byzantine virgin embedded enamel and precious stones, a collection of religious bodies, the crown of thorns and a piece of the true cross.
Life patricians, rich merchants: they have a palace on the Grand Canal. It is their home, their place of receptions, their business. Their son go in the Venetian trading posts learn the craft of great trader. They return to work at the family palace or try their election to the Ducal Palace.
Having conquered many lands around the Mediterranean to Turkey, the Venetians received land on the continent until Lombardy. They build in the Veneto countryside, stunning villas: their summer residences.
Venice, rich and serene was formed in Serene Republic.
The commercial decline of Venice begins in the Renaissance with the discovery of America. She is overtaken by Genoa's rival port. The Turkish attacks make him lose his possessions on the shores of the Mediterranean and an important part of its fleet. Venice is slowly becoming a city of festivals, processions, games of chance, fairs, music, great artists and debauchery. From 1580, Venice has 11,650 official courtesans. Foreigners staying in the lagoon city: they discover its beauty, its richness. They visit its fairs. Should it not always the case now?
In the 18th century, in 1797, the last Doge Manin, without resistance, leaving Napoleon to invade the city. It's the end of the Venetian Republic and knows the first war in its territory and the loss of art works would come from the East.
In the 19th, she is French and Austrian possession (like any Veneto). She will join in 1866, Italian unity pronounced in 1860, it draws writers, composers, artists for its beauty and romance.
In the 20th century, during the fascist period of Mussolini, born the oil port of Marghera on the mainland. Oil Coming from the Adriatic are forced to go through the Giudecca Canal (Regrooved 1934), along the historic city. Similarly, ships dock at the seaport of Venice located close to the historic city.
ISLANDS:
- The island of San Erasmo (largest): Agricultural completely. The crops are sold in Venice.
- The island of San Francesco del Deserto: St Francis is spent. It is a monastery.
. - The island of Murano with its factories of glassware since 1231 (formerly, factories were located in Venice Murano Their movement was motivated by secrets and fire (wooden houses at the time) .
- The island of Burano lace makers are few now.
- The island of San Servolo: headquarters of an international school of restoration.
- The island of San Giorgio Maggiore, opposite the ducal palace, a marina, a theater, a church, the architect Palladio, the Cini Foundation (restored former monastery, the seat of higher learning courses, congresses, a library, a library, art works would to).
- The island of Giudecca, opposite the ducal palace and following the S. Giorgio Maggiore island, which was the first inhabited by the Jews of Venice instead. She is calm. Artists live there and Venetian. Palladio is the architect of his two churches (Redeemer and Zittele (exhibition center). President Mitterand, there was the guest of Count Volpi. He attended Restaurant on Calle delle Erbe, near the Ponte Lungo. L summer, you will have lunch along the canal, under the pergola, sipping an excellent white wine from Veneto at the far right of the island. immense mass of ocher Moulin Stuki built late 19th century by a Dutch . finally, it is being restored (future trade and convention center, a hotel complex).
- The island of Torcello, as already mentioned, is, according to current historians, the era inhabited area of the lagoon. The decline of the island began in the 6th century for development of the Rialto area (Riva alto / Rialto = high bank). Currently: a few houses of Venetian and Italian parliamentarians.
- The island of Mazzorbo: Home & Garden Venetian, a church, two restaurants and a cemetery. A bridge at the back of the island can take you walk to the island of Burano.
- The island of Lido, which was called in the 13th century St. Nicolas Island is connected to the mainland: cars and buses driving by. It has a lagoon side, a side Adriatic (Venice Beach). Every year in early September, the Mostra del Cinema venue. It awards the Golden Lion. This is a small town with shops, hotels and restaurants, the Jewish cemetery. The writer Thomas Mann visited seven summers in a row at the famous Hotel Les Bains, built in 1899 façade is 300 m long. Visconti's film "Death in Venice" was filmed there in 1971, based on the book by Thomas Mann.
- The islands of the lagoons are restoring (creating a luxury resort on the island of San Clemente (eg hospital "psychiatric" until the 1970s island: beautiful black and white images of photographer Depardon) An island. is reserved for the Italian SPA for former cats of Venice. other islands await takers and renovations.
The ACQUA ALTA-or-high-water:
High tides and low alternate every six hours:
Two factors come together when water invades the lowest areas of the city: the high tide and the sirocco from the south push up the water in this cul de sac that is the Venetian lagoon. If the height of the high tide is higher than normal, water floods the entire city but not a lot of places, including St. Mark's neighborhood that is the lowest. Water also goes by the foundation. Sirens warn Venetian 6 hours before high water. They organize (up displays, install walkways, put the boots or waders, clear ground floor, etc.). The problem is aggravated due to excessive pumping of groundwater resulting in a lowering of the ground, by broadening and deepening of passes in 1934 for the navigation of cargo and poor maintenance of canals filled with sediment. The "MOSE" (Moses), the study for more than 10 years, the rust prototype in the lagoon, has recently taken over by Silvio Berlusconi. It seems being installed: 78 valves close their mouths or 3 passes for entry into the lagoon (those of Chioggia, Lido and Malamocco). It will isolate the city of Venice and its islands in case of flooding.
DRIVING THE LAGOON AND ITS POLLUTION
The lagoon is a delta, the Po, the Brenta and Sile. A delta is a fragile area. Scientists have been able to evaluate and compare the height of the water in the 18th century and the current height, through the paintings by Canaletto. Tankers and cruise ships shaking funds, motor boats do not respect the speed limit. Thus, the saline water hits and damages the foundations of palaces and docks. In past centuries, motor boats did not exist and the channels were often stripped of their vase. One must also take into account the chemical releases the oil port of Marghera and Mestre's industrial area to the south lagoon. Discharges caused by agriculture in the hinterland lead to toxic algal blooms to fish and wildlife.
WORKS AND PROJECTS:
Many platforms have been enhanced with new 30 cm since 1996.
It is planned to build a platform offshore in the Adriatic. Oil no longer pass through Venice. It would relieve the oil in a pipeline going directly to the port of Marghera on the mainland.
The "Mose" project (Moses): I just talk (78 valves closing three openings on the Adriatic when acqua alta is announced).
But Venice is also the industry Fishing and hunting in the lagoon. In "Valli" (valleys), there are large rustic houses called "Cason" where fishermen and hunters live. Shacks which were suspended large nets (squares in France) overlooking the water in the valleys fishing. Hunters lurk behind gorse growing in water and hunt down the existing game.
And Venice is also ...
GONDOLA
The word GONDOLA was raised for the first time in a 1094 decree Dogal The gondola at the time was a pleasure to coarser than the gondola we know look. The gondolas of the 17th century were so richly decorated (Venetian rivalry) a law from 1633 forbade the trappings of wealth. Gondolas had to be painted black and undecorated. Until the arrival of the "vaporetto" in 1881 (the manufacturer is French), gondolas assured all transportation. They were replaced by a fleet of boat taxis, motor boats. The "traghetto" is a broader gondola with two oarsmen on each end, passing in certain defined areas, from one side to the other of the Grand Canal: Some passengers are standing, for one low price. Today, about 350 gondolas run (in the 18th century: 14,000). They only serve to walk tourists. One "squero" subsists (workshop construction and repair gondolas) in the Dorsoduro area, between the Accademia Bridge and the San Trovaso church.
THE COFFEE
It is known of the Turks and brought to Venice from 1638 The 18th century saw the ouverturede 24 "caffe" on St. Mark's Square. Two of them very famous, welcome you today: Florian and Quadri.
BENEFITS ...
No traffic noise
Walking among streets in a stunning setting
Being alone in a unique beauty, if you will
Being away from a world too current
Find that world, if necessary outside of Venice and even in Venice ...
DISADVANTAGES ...
Walk, walk and walk again ...
Predict half a day to reach one end of the city
Apartment prices and cost of living
Moist heat in summer
The crowd on some routes of the historic center
Have increasingly feet in the water!
There's still a thousand things to say about Venice, this exceptional city, unique in the world ...
Unfortunately, the city was depopulated because the cost of living is very high. Venetians are going to live in Mestre and Treviso or Padua. Venice lost count about 70,000 Venetians. The owners are often hoteliers, traders or foreign not residing year-round in the city. Entire streets have their shutters closed. This is also why you can walk there, dreaming, undisturbed!
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